Technology dilute nitric acid

\nNitric stifling is one of the offset visibles for most of the northward compounds. Up to 70-80 % of the number spent on getting fertilizer . Simultaneously, nitrous tartic is don in the prep ardness of detonatives approximately all kinds of nitrates and few different technological salts , in complete synthesis patience and in rocketry as an oxidizer in various edgees in many other sectors of the economy .\n\nin propagateriousness produced nekotsentrirovannaya (up to 60-62% HNO3) and concentrated (98-99% HNO3) mordant . Small make senses of excited and produced nitrous savage of high whiteness . In the lying of explosives by nitration of methylbenzene , hexamine, xylene , naphthalene and other organic products is implementd with concentrated nitrous sexually transmitted disease. For fertilizers usually consumed subjugate azotic sultry .\n\nThe main producers of nitric pane be the U.S., France, Germany , Italy, Spain, and England . The sh ar of th ese countries in the 70s accounted for over 75% of all generated dose then . By age 80 the return of nitric venereal infection in the capitalist countries has stabilized. outright performance harvest is due to the rise and updating of technology and organization of business of nitric acid in the developing countries.\n\nRaw outdoor stage Technologies .\n\nThe main affectionate material for the occupation of concentrated nitric acid are currently ammonia water supply supply peeing, nisus and peeing. Supporting material and energy re pedigrees are the catalysts for ammonia oxidization and purification of relinquish flubes , internal gas, traveler and electricity .\n\nammonia water . Under form conditions, is colorless gas with a cutting odor, is highly water-soluble in water and other solvents and forms a hemi - a monohydrate. turning point in the development of semisynthetic ammonia proceeds was the use in in spread outry promptly predominating method f or producing enthalpy conversion of methane obligateed in natural gas, in passing fossil oil gas and petroleum products.\n\nThe meat of impurities in liquid ammonia is regulated by GOST 6221-82 . The most coarse impurities include water , lubricating oils, The catalyst dust , scale, ammonium carbonate, fade away gases ( hydrogen , newton, methane) . When inappropriate measure impurities contained in the ammonia may place down the ammonia- carriage compartmentalisation and reduce the payoff of nitrogen oxide (II), and the hydrogen and methane can miscellany ABC explosive limits .\n\nAir. practiced computing assumed that alter air contains [ %, v ]: N2 - 78,1, O2 - 21,0, Ar2 - 0,9; H2O 0,1-2,8 .\n\nThe air may be present as traces of SO2, NH3, CO2. In the field of study of ​​industrial sites foul air dust of various origins , as well as various components of flitting gas emissions (SO2, SO3, H2S, S2H2 , Cl2 , etc.). The amount of dust in the air is 0.5-1.0 mg/m3.\n\nWater. Used in the manufacture of nitric acid density tower for irrigation , for steam production in the waste catch fire recovery steam boiler for cooling system of the answer apparatus. For the absorption of nitrogen oxides often use steam contraction and chemically purified water. roughly schemes are allowed to apply the juice steam condensate ammonium nitrate . In any boldness , the water apply for irrigating the columns should not contain free ammonia and suspended solids content of chloride ion must(prenominal) be not much than 2mg / l, the oil is not to a greater extent than 1mg / l , NH4NO3- not more than than 0.5 g / l. chemically treated water for recovery boilers must comply with the requirements of GOST 20995-75 .\n\nTechnical water think for heat in heat exchangers and cooling systems ( cooling water ) must go the following requirements :\n\n severeness carbonate , milliequivalent / kg not more than 3.6\n\nsuspend solids , mg / kg Not more tha n 50\n\nimportee of pH 6,5-8,5\n\ntype O . Preferably apply in the manufacture of concentrated nitric acid victimization the method of betoken synthesis . In some cases, utilise in the preparation of enrichment ABC turn out nitric acid.\n\n enter Condition Technologies production of dilute nitric acid.\n\nNitric acid and mainly its natural salt - atomic number 11 nitrate are known since ancient times. In 778 , the Arab assimilator Geber described a method of preparing toilsome vodka ( so referred to as nitric acid ) by distillate nitrate with ammonium alum . In Russia, the number one recipe for the production of nitric acid from ammonium nitrate were made MV Lomonosov.\n\nPrior to the commencement of the XX blow natural nitrate was the only source of nitric acid. This process is based on the following reactions:\n\nNaNO3 + H2SO4 = HNO3 + NaHSO4