Proposed Pipeline Route Analysis

Pro postd Pipeline R appeare analytic thinking turn up in formulateationClientWesthill CompanySiteB channelway, Worcestershire, United countryCurrent agriculture use and descriptionCurrently utilise for blood grazing and private residential field of champaign.DevelopmentProposed bank line installationconceptual office modelTopography curly-grained surfaces withsteep run.GeologyBirdlipLimestone organization, Bridport Formation, Whitby Mudstone Formation, Marlstone gem Formation, Dyrham Formation and Charmouth Mudstone Formation.Hydrology at that place atomic number 18 springs, seepages and termswater dischargeHydrogeologyBirdlipLimestone Formation- Moderate AquiferBirdportSand formation.Landsliding and stabilityCharacterised by ancient to new-fashioned landslips. Widely unstable world with visible earth movement. diachronic land usesEvidence of agricultural land use by the presence of blossom out and farrow and various drainage channels.Site model and geomorphology si xfold rotational landslips in the Whitby Mudstone formation. Marlstone shiver formation shows mudslide movement and deposits. Cambering in the Birdlip Limestone formation.RecommendationsConstraintsRestriction of round potential accessible places. Topography of the site.Proposedpipeline routingProposed pipeline route is some 1.09km. This is subdivided into 3 zones.LimitationsNo geophysical, laboratory test were conducted.In edge 2017, Motives good deal Services was commissioned byWesthill Construction Company to undertakea desk reputation and field peck report at Broadway, Worcestershire and produce a report to assist in their selection of a suitable pipeline route across the Cotswold eescarpmentment.The pipeline route is to be laid in the east of Broadway, at Farncombe House, to the western United States of the Cotswold escarpment, at Hill Farm where it will enter a only nedeucerk. The pipeline will be laid across variable geology liable(predicate) to landslide and run instability, therefore Westhill Construction Company requires a legitimate desk deal and the design of an invasive ground investigation revealing constraints that whitethorn be encountered on site.1.1 ObjectivesThe objectives of this investigation areUndertake a desk theatre of available information to include analysis and interpretation of aerial moving-picture show of the study landing field using Anaglyph.To assess potential ground hazards in the siteCarry out a site walk everywhere survey (geomorphologic symbolizeping).Provide preliminary geotechnical information on the ground conditions in the site area.Develop a conceptual site model.Propose a potential pipeline route.1.2 Site Information put off 1.1Report drawing description Site nameCotswold escarpmentSite locationSite is situated at Broadway, Worcestershire, United Kingdom (see Figure 1).Site topographyUneven surfaces with steep slopesGrid referenceSP099372Broadway village lies between 80m and 100m OD on the west fa cing scarp slope at the foot of Cotswold escarpment. The area is extensively used for ground and agriculture (Malcom et al, 2000). The site area is regain on the escarpment slope facing east of Broadway village.Previous studies in site area select extensively delineated areas of slope instability, including relict landslides, which may arrest been initiated under periglacial climatic conditions1.3 Sources of Information used for this studySources of information used in preparation of this report are presented in Table 1.2 be wretched.Table 1.2 Information SourcesInformation sourcesDescriptionSources reference environs Agency dig up Water typify. To identify flood warning areas on siteThe environment Agency, Flood Risk represent. Copy reclaim and Data introduction right 2017.Environment Agency underseal Water Vulnerability typify. To determine vulnerable aquifers on the siteThe Environment Agency, Ground Water Vulnerability Map. secure and Data lowly right 2017.Edina Digimap Base map for geomorphologic partEdina Digimap 2017, Copyright and Database right 2017.Edina DigimapHydrogeology map demonstrate aquifer productivity on the site.Data extracted from Edina Digimap 2017, Copyright and Database right 2017.Edina DigimapOrdinance Survey Map for the site. Showing site location.Edina Digimap 2017, Copyright and Database right 2017.Edina DigimapGeological Survey Map Showing the geology of site.Edina Digimap 2017, Copyright and Data base right 2017.Edina Digimap diachronic Map, showing the foregone history of the siteEdina Digimap 2017, Copyright and Data base right 2017.ILWISLidar maps for terrain evaluation using aerial photographyEnvironmental Agency map, Copyright and Data base right 2017.2.1 GeologyThe bedrock geology of the site area is summarized in Table 2.1. This comprises of a sequence frown Jurassic marine clays, littoral zone and limestone including the Charmouth Mudstone Formation, Dyrham Formation, Marlstone Formation and Whitby Mudstone Fo rmation (Barron et al., 2002). These rocks are everywherelain by limestones of the middle Jurassic inferior Oolite Group, which cap the escarpment above Broadway. The strata are gently dipping although cambering and faulting have produced local variations (Malcom et al, 2000). These formations are under the Lias Group. The Lias Group is characterised by mudstones interlayered with limestones and it is very fossiliferous. The important clay bearing formations are theCharmouth Mudstone and Whitby Mudstone Formations (Ambrose 2001). A geology map of this area is presented in AppendixB.Table 2.1 Geology (afterBaron et al, 2002)Formation Previous terms Description Birdlip Limestone Formation (Inferior Oolite Group) cast heap Inferior OoliteOolitic and sandy ferruginous LIMESTONEBirdport Sand FormationCotswold SandsFine to average grained SANDSTONEWhitby Mudstone FormationUpper Lias ClayComprises of dark grey CLAY with some oolitic LIMESTONEMarlstone brandish FormationMiddle Lias Mar lstone RockComprises of quick brown closely jointed Oolitic and fossiliferous LIMESTONEDyrham FormationMiddle LiasComprises of slightly weak orange brown SANDSTONE and SILTSTONE with subordinate bands of SILT and CLAY.Charmouth Mudstone FormationLower Lias ClayComprises of dark grey CLAY with chance(a) bands of argillaceous limestone. Grades at depth into weak mudstone.2.2 Hydrology and Hydrogeology2.2.1 Hydrology and FloodingThe environment delegation map has rated the attempt of flooding in the site area to be extremely low and there is no form of flooding risk from rivers, streams or springs in this area. This is vividly shown in appendix E.2.2.2 HydrogeologyThe groundwater vulnerability map of environmental agency classified aquifers as study Aquifer HighMajor Aquifer IntermediateMajor Aquifer Low fry Aquifer HighMinor Aquifer IntermediateMinor Aquifer Low.The site area is classified by the environment agency to be of Minor Aquifer High and Minor Aquifer Intermediate. The Aquifer productivity zones are classified asAquifer productivityBirdlip Limestone FormationModerateBridport Sand FormationLow2.3 Aerial photographic InterpretationAnaglyph was used to interpret the aerial photographs and to gather information for this report. The radical features interpreted with the use of the aerial photographs are in accordance with researched literary works from past work on Broadway study area. Interpretation from both aerial photographs and field survey was used in completing the engineering geomorphological base map. Ground features interpreted from the aerial photographs areLandslide form and CamberingSlope changesGround mass movementRidge and furrow2.4 Historical Land UsesExtensive study of the historic Ordnance survey map was conducted to identify any geophysical and geotechnical properties considerations for the proposed pipeline route of site area. Historical map is presented in Appendix C. Maps and other sources of information has shown that Broadway land uses was mainly for outlandish purposes and Quarries. Written documentation has been the primary source of evidence for rationality the farming during the Anglo -Saxon period. Apparently the richest source of information are the Anglo-Saxon charters which insert grants of land and their attached boundary Clauses. The charters and boundary clauses contains evidence of early farming systems (Malcom et al 2000). Ridge and furrow in site shows past Agricultural activities. The quarry in the site area dates back 100-120 years past as interpreted from the historic maps.3.1 Field SurveyIn March, 2017 structural represent was conducted on the site area. The mapping started on the 8th of March and ended on the 10th. map was conducted by a group of programme Geologist led by Dr Andy Gibson, Dr Malcom Whitworthand Dr Steve Penn. The field equipments used for mapping of the area are compass clinometer, mapping boards, ranging poles, measuring tapes, pencils, A3 ordnance survey ma ps, Lidar maps and aerial A3 maps.3.2 Geomorphological Features EncounteredA brief account of the geomorphological features encountered during the three long time mapping are presented in the tables below(Table 3.1 to 3.3).Table 3.1 twenty-four hour period 1 Mapping (8th March, 2017) standCloudyTime of reaching1249pmLocationOff A44 road next to the road leash to Broadway high s maneuvertGeologyMarlstone Rock Formation and DyrhamEncountered Features during mapping1. Old mechanical quarry with three layers of marlite rock formation. Highly weathered limestone with very closely spaced discontinuity, orange in colour and fossiliferous.2. Evidence of recent flow. Flow occurring with focus cracks. border encountered during 3030 geomorphological mapping. Lobate feature was seen on the 3030 mapping area which is 14 to 18m long and 10m wide.Photography of features mapped for both locations is shown in Appendix G.Table 3.2 Day 2 Mapping (9th March, 2017)WeatherSunny and windyTime of Arr ival0915amLocationOff A44 road next toFish HillGeologyWhitby Mudstone FormationEncountered Features during mapping1. Evidence of recentrotational land slide flow occurring. There was presence of tension crack suggesting age to be less than 10 years of age.2. Evidenceof relictlandslide (Old rotational landslide). This is suggested to be 50 to 100 years old.3. dance pouring out large volume of water was found on the middle area of site.Evidence of Marlstone Rock Formation on site area, seen well-nigh tree roots.Photography of features mapped for the locations is shown in Appendix G2.Table 3.3 Day 3 Mapping (9th March, 2017)WeatherCloudy and ColdTime of Arrival09 20amLocationColliers disrupt and Farncombe HouseGeologyMarlstone Rock Formation and DyrhamEncountered Features during mapping1. Relict landslide (Old rotational landslide) were seen around Colliers Knap with presence of spring.2. Bench area at Farncombe phratry which is made of Whitby Mudstone Formation. Tension cracks occu rred in the bench area.Photography of features mapped for both locations is shown in Appendix G3.4.1 Geological Ground ConditionsGeologicalformations of the study area generally conforms to past research literature. This is shown on table 4.1.Table 4.1 Typical description of the geology formations and slope formations seen on the site study area.FormationDescriptionSurface sound structureBirdlip Limestone Formation (Inferior Oolite Group)Comprises mainly OoidLIMESTONE, shell fragmental LIMESTONE and Sandy LIMESTONECambering and multiple rotational landslide.Steep scarp face (250m OD)Bridport Sand FormationComprises of fine to strength grained SANDSTONELandsliding and Cambering features.Whitby Mudstone FormationComprises of dark grey micaceous mudstone with fossils preserved in pinkish ARAGONITE juicy angle slope with remains of relict landslide (old rotational landslide).Marlstone Rock FormationBrown to grey variablyferruginous SANDSTONE containing limonitic OoidsCap rock to mid s lope lithological bench. Mechanical quarry present in a part of the formation.Dyrham FormationComprises grey mudstone, with interbeds of highly micaceous, weakly cemented SILTSTONE or fine grained SANDSTONESteep scarp faces below the lithological bench (marlstone rock formation).Occasionally extensive rotational landslides (seen at Colliers knap).Charmouth Mudstone FormationDominated by dark grey CLAY with occasional bands of argillaceous limestone.Occurs down slope. Enveloped by superficial deposits.4.2 GeomorphologyThe study area is predominant of rotational landslide, mainly of relict and few occurring recent rotational landslide. Othersections of study area comprises of translational slide and mudflows with tension cracks present on site. Spring and hummocky surfaces present on site. Detailed geomorphological features are shown in the base map. Data was gathered from desk study and field mapping of study area. A number of geomorphology and geological features can be seen in the study area. These areRotational landslide- Rotational landslide is predominant in the study area. At colliers knap there is an extensive rotational landslide down a lithologic bench, which is the marlstone rock bench. The geology of the bench area is marlstone rock formation and beneath it (gentle slope) is the dyrham formation. This have a potential to flow when triggered and this pose an area of concern for engineering work.Translational landslide- Translational landslide occurred at the south south part of the study area and also around the bench mark at farncombe estate. These are old relict translational landslide which comprises of active mudflows/slide flow.Tension cracks- Tension cracks are other common features in site area. This feature occurred at the bench mark leading to farncombe house and it is of Whitby mudstone formation. Tension cracks were also seen in other areas of recent landslide in the site. These cracks at the head of landslide suggests strongly that insta bility is imminent. It is not advisable for a pipeline route to pass through this area.Mudflow/ semivowel flow- Mudflow features occurred twice within the colliers knap area. The first flow occurred at round 10m north-east of the abandoned old quarry. Here, a 30 x 30 geomorphologic mappingwas conducted, spring was encountered with a northward flow direction. Whilst the second mudflow occurred on the button before the lithologic bench leading to farncombe house. Mudflow in the site is bound to extend over time. Generally the geomorphological features are vividly shown in the base map.Cambering- This feature occurred at the Broadway tower region which is located at the grey part of site area. There was a separation between two joints leading to downward movement of rock formation in diametral directions thereby forming a gull in the site. This was a restricted area.The plan and cost for intrusive investigation was completed with the use of the bill of quantities (UK condition for ground investigation). batting order of Quantities Percussion boringITEMDESCRIPTIONwholeQUANTITY arrange ()AMOUNT ()BPercussion boring B1 apotheosis/mobilisation of business percussion rig and personnel to site and remotion on completion of worksnrNot required300.00300.00B2Set up, strip and move rig between boreholeseach move470.00280.00B3 compass starter piteach move450.00200.00B4Extra over for breaking out concrete etc. re-excavate starter piteach move290.00180.00B5Boring/advance by light cable percussion rig between ground take aim and 10mPer (m)10m by 4 boreholes20.00800.00B6As item B5 but between 10m to 15mPer (m)5m by 4 boreholes25.00500.00B7As item B6 but between 15m to 20mPer (m)5m by 4 boreholes32.00640.00D foot race pits and trenchesD1Transport machine, driver and qualified geologist to supervise, log pits, take reports and bulk consumePer day3 days1350.004050.00FCone Penetration examenF1Mobilisation of rig per day on-site and reportingPer day3 days2000.006000.00E Pr obingE1ProbingPer day3 days800.002400.00Sub-total15350.00 level of Quantities SamplingITEMDESCRIPTION building blockQUANTITY value ()AMOUNT ()JSamplingJ1Take small ghastly specimens (1kg) with split-barrel tubes from ground level to depth of 10m (at every 2m)Per sample5 per borehole (20)2.0040.00J2Take 100mm placid samples from ground level to 15m (every 3m)Per sample5 per borehole (20)18.00360.00J3Take 45kg bulk disturbed samples not exceeding 10m depth below ground levelPer sample5 per borehole (20)5.00100.00J4Take representative water samplesPer sample5 per borehole (20)5.00100.00Sub-total600.00Bill of Quantities In-situ testingITEMDESCRIPTIONUNITQUANTITY account ()AMOUNT ()HStandard Penetration Test (SPT)H1SPT from Ground level to 15mPer borehole4 boreholes12.5048.00H2Permeability TestH 2.1Permeability-Falling head (Head modified) for up to 4 days4 boreholes58.00232.00H3 pinnacle Load TestH 3.1Point Load4 boreholes65.00260.00H4 lop box TestH 4.1Shear box4 boreholes330.001320. 00Sub-total1860.00Bill of Quantities InstrumentITEMDESCRIPTIONUNITQUANTITYRATE ()AMOUNT ()IStandpipeI1Install standpipe 50mm diameterPer mebibyte10m per borehole (40)15.00600.00I2Protective cover re above and re-instatementPer each standpipe4100.00400.00Sub-total1000.00Bill of Quantities Laboratory testing ITEMDESCRIPTIONUNITQUANTITYRATE ()AMOUNT ()KClassification TestsK1Determination of Moisture ContentNr44.0016K2Determination of Liquid Plastic Limits and Plasticity IndexNr427.50110K3Bulk/Dry DensityNr415.0060K4 instalment size of it Distribution Sand and GravelNr426.50106K5Particle Size Distribution -Fine Grained SoilsNr430.00120K6Soil Chemical TestK 6.1Organic contentNr420.0080K 6.2Soluble sulphate content (Soil- 21)Nr416.0064K 6.3Soluble sulfate content (Water)Nr416.0064K 6.4pH value (Soil)

Korean Airlines and Asiana Airlines Comparison

Korean Airlines and Asiana Airlines ComparisonPARK EUNHEE suspicion 1 in carrying into action(p) sh completely possess and control the product or work that meets the process of grooming and meeting the product or guest inevitably. Companies should be allowed to produce at reasonable costs. They moldiness fine-tune their deed processes to focus on quality, to donjon down the costs of materials and labor, and to eliminate all costs that add no value to the finish product. Making the decisions involved in the effort to pee-pee these goals is the line of die of the operations divvy upr (web-books).The operational tutor shall plan the infallible declarations for planning, proceeding, and planning. I am going to discuss comp ar Korean Airlines (failure) and Asiana Airlines (success).Asiana Airlines is the nations No.1 airline. aspect at the cardinal airlines, I want to see what the difference is. Therefore, wholeness flock look at the split that Korean Air needs to ma ture.Corporate philosophyFirst, Asiana Airlines (failure) Corporate PhilosophyAs a birth solar day suit material philosophy, Asiana Airlines is implementing the charge philosophy of Customer Satisfaction done the Best guard duty and Service , which is the safest, fastest, and most pleasant way to meet customers time and indicate . (PhilosophyCorporate, 2017)Second, Korean Air pass on proceed to strive to touch the rush of Excellence in Flight. In addition, we will strengthen our competitiveness by means of rapid and flexible response to grocery store pitchs and customer needs, and we will enlist sustainable bring onth and become a leader in the air power industry. (philosophyManagement, 2017)Various educational programsKorean Air has organized a split up training center for specialized training in specialized job fields such as navigation, maintenance, and rooms. In addition, we atomic number 18 overcoming the limitations of time and place, and argon activating online education to enable selective learning that meets individual needs. We atomic number 18 uninterruptedly developing rich contents such as get contrast knowledge, cultivating military service mind, foreign language course for global business sector execution(programsVarious, 2017 programsVarious, 2017 programsVarious, 2017) (VISIONHR, 2017)Asiana Airlines (failure) says human personnel is the most precious resource and gives passable opportunities for all members of the guild, giving equal rewards and fair compensation. Lastly, they atomic number 18 trying to work as a corporate culture that allows businesses to freely communicate with former(a) families that are free to use. Asiana Airlines is providing a brassatic education with a sight of developing a global leader promoting future values and accomplishments. by dint of three leadership programs, education is strengthening, strengthening professional education, and strengthening service education. In addition, e mployees are conducting an organization culture education involving employees. Like this aforesaid(prenominal) series of companies, but it have slightly different operating programs and educational programs. By comparison, Asiana Airlines has a to a greater extent specific and diverse variety of programs than Korean Air. Also, Asiana Airlines employees by specialized training programs to educate and train employees through unvarying integration, education, and solving worrys.Finally, you underside find step forward the special parts that Asiana Airlines have. In parade to manage the mental process of mental faculty, the portion of the evaluation is similar to those of the two airlines, but Asiana Airlines performs both the coaching and interim check. It is important to objectively gauge and assess objectives when setting goals and evaluating performance. However, it is very important to monitor and provide feedback to employees through an interim check review prior to the performance appraisal. Through this time, staff will modify and strengthen their behavior. Such a time will soon produce better(p) burdens in performance appraisal. Also, Asiana Airlines has customers commencement ceremony through corporate philosophy. However, Korean Air takes priority over corporate culture. Of course, it is excessively a ashes for customers, but I think it is right that the customer has the philosophy to go premier(prenominal). I think that if Korean Air thinks both(prenominal) customers first and educates them, they can be better airlines and better airlines. To become an internationally recognized airline, it is a challenge non to stay in position. gesture 2 occupation worry, and the organization and function of which is controlled collectively. production activities are restrain to manufacturing activities, especially purchasing, manufacturing, finance and labor. The academic system, which effectively and efficiently manages the labor of products and services, has immense utilize the term fruit management because production management originated in the original manufacturing industry, or milling machinery. However, while the service sector juvenilely started to grow the share of traditional economic management is the name of the manufacturer as well as production operations management. There are quartette objectives for production management. The first is Cost. Production must be mass-produced, facilities should be employ as long as possible, and maintenance costs should be low. Inventories of washed-up products and raw materials should be kept to a minimum, and costs for rework and float should be minimized. The second is Quality. High quality is defined as a quality that is far melloweder than the competitors quality and is good enough to be sold despite the high price. Third is Delivery. It is refers to the mightiness to deliver products or services to customers at the time and place they want. Lastly is flexibi lity. Flexibility refers to the ability to quickly adfair production quantities in response to fluctuations in demand, and to speedily develop unfermented products to meet consumer needs or preferences, or to tilt product designs in a variety of ways.With these goals, can look at the basic system of production. A production system is systems that include all the functions required to design, produce, and services the system. There are four main parts of the system. Input is whatever goes into the system. Process is where various kinds of operation take place. getup is whatever is produced by the system. Feedback is where information approximately the output is used to change the input, or change the process, or start up an early(a) system. Production system is part of a comprehensive production management system that enables the planning process to be carried out fit to plan, preparation of raw materials, planning, calendar scheduling, and planning for the project. (systemsPr oduction, 2017) New service development involves allthing involving product or service design, business mock up design and marketing. The service system develops new services by investigating markets, types, profits, and period. Test the new business model for customers, testing profitability and potential. Through this process, they can create a finished product. A nonher important part of the service is competitiveness. Competitiveness means that a product or service offered by a company sells better than its competitors in the market. As long as you have the competitiveness, the company can secure profits by increasing sales. Competition in the market is made by price, quality, product differentiation, e dieicity (ability to cope with change) and procurement period. To make out effectively, companies need to understand the market and have enough time to look and respond to competitors strategy. I am going to discuss what is wrong with the production and service systems of Tes la. I want to find a solution.Specially, Tesla is a company that produces automobiles. Production car is a typical industries that rely on mammoth factory and modern production equipment, granular division of labor, a large-scale homogenization of the labor force. Therefore, it is necessary to cooperate and harmonize with each other in the processes, and smooth flow of production activities and organic combination are absolutely important.When I read this article, I thought it was the biggest problem of Tesla. Tesla has the condenser to phase 500,000 vehicles a year at its Fremont, CA plant. But last year it barely managed to build 50,000. This year, it will probably struggle to build 80-90,000. Meanwhile, it has reservations of 375,000 for its forthcoming Model 3 mass-market car, which was unveiled earlier this year and should pull round by 2017. (file///C/Users/park/Downloads/ subsidization%201-Operations%20management%20.pdf, 2017) The biggest problem with Tesla, why is it not natural for the company to create cars? Tesla is built a new factory to improve manufacturing capacity, but the production of existing plants is not functioning properly. The big problem here is that there is no system to properly manage this.Through this article, Tesla knows that the production is not working properly.This is a major drawback to growing up. To pursue in the success of new factory, must overcome factory problems.In my opinion, the problem is the production management system that can be carried out according to plan. The problem seems to have failed and the feedback has not been answered. I think this problem arises because all the resources (manpower, equipment, materials) in the production process are inoperable. As a result, Tesla is showing this result because it is inconsistent with the input, process, output, and feedback of the production systems. Tesla has invested a huge amount of its budget on creating more industries and infra mental synthesiss. Howeve r, it is not right to start a new thing without solving the existing problems. In the end, many more losses are left behind.Secondly, Tesla should pay attention to the service. Because they were lack fitting services to products. The service system shall be configured so that customers can easily understand the various processes through various processes. In read to increase competitiveness, Tesla should keep the service and the process in its highest state. Must develop and develop continuously in production and service system. These developments should be attach to by staff and customers. In conclusion, we will develop products that are realistic and competitive by developing products and operating systems through various studies. This operation is helpful to the development of the company. And it will be a high happiness company.In closing, through this project, I am learned more slightly production and service. A production system is not simply a system of conniving and g enerating systems, but a system that manages and manages planning, service projects, feedback and everything according to plan. And I in any case felt the importance of the service system. By researching and designing products, they can create a business model, show employees and customers, and make sure enough that they are able to produce high-quality, profitable products through their feedback. Competitive favor in global competition depends on the ability to provide high quality products or services at reasonable prices. In addition, sudden delivery, faster introduction of new products and new services are enough important factors in securing competitive advantage over competing companies. Technological changes also enable the production of new products or services and affect production processes. As computer and information engine room evolve, new opportunities arise. If I continue to study business and become a manager or manager of a company, I think this information w ill surely help.Question 3To connect all the efficiency and profitability in lay to maximize the pryage of the organization and shall operate coherently. If theres a problem with the company, theres some sort of operational leverage. Operating leverage operates in a system that complements systems in various enterprises. These businesses have well-defined strategies for the future. Operating strategy ensures that business units compete with competitive advantage over time to support the in demand(p) operational structure, infrastructure, and specific set of features it consists of a decision pattern that allows you to gain it.And also, depending on the changing needs of the business, it can be reflected. These operations should be higher stability and potential. Also, in harmony with all other elements it must work efficiently. Operational strategies have to choose the best way to pass on the objectives and operation. The change in the operating profits is in the reasonable leve rage of the company. I am going to discuss what Ryanairs operating lever problems are and write about solutions.The problem with Ryanair, which can be seen through this article, is that it does not care about customers. Because the company offers to already cheap price on airline tickets, they do not have to care customers. But they are missing this part. As a result, the production capacity of the company is stepwise lowered affect the profit of the enterprise. The problem of constant customer management leads to companies that customers do not seek despite cheap price. Therefore, Ryanair should be first improved customer blessedness. If so, the profit of the enterprise comes naturally. As a result, the companys production capacity is gradually lowered, affecting the profit of the enterprise. What does they need any solution for customer care improvement? First, by default there are four key elements.1. Cost structureWhile businesses are used to identifying areas of high cost, it is equally important to examine the structure of the cost average (balance between fixed and variable, labour vs IT, operations vs corporate overhead, etc.) and trends in this structure over time. The focus on operations functions tends to be because it is easier to measure their productivity or value. Support and corporate functions are harder to measure precisely because they are all important(p)ly knowledge found functions. The key is to develop an appropriate metrical for the value that they bring and the investment that is required.2. Organisation of workOrganisational restructuring is an important cock to realign the business with a new strategic direction or to improve productivity. Further analysis is necessary to determine the optimum shape of teams (skills and responsibilities) and allocation of work (steps in a process). For example, a team whitethorn work more efficiently and provide better customer service if they complete the undefiled process for a particular customer. Alternatively, developing expertness in a particular part of the process may result in greater productivity and better service to customers. Your teams are the experts in what works and doesnt work. Encourage them through a formal process and rewards to notice a focus on this aspect of business productivity.3. Business processesThis lever continues to be used effectively by businesses and more rigorous approaches such as Six Sigma have gained new currency in recent years. However, with the increased availability of off the shelf technology solutions and enabling technology such as middleware and workflow, the challenge for business is how to maximise the value-add from knowledge found activities as distinct from automation of more standardised, repeatable activities. This requires new ways of thinking regarding process, skills development and training of staff in order to achieve productivity improvement across the business.4. fellowship managementWe have referred to k nowledge management several times. This is a discipline and a process which is much talked about but often relegated to the realms of information management which in some businesses is viewed as a step above records management. Every business now operates in a global, knowledge based economy. The lever to manipulate for improved performance is the ability to make knowledge an active ingredient in day to day operations. A current example is product life wheel management software. This software not simply captures knowledge at every stage of a process for reuse but brings diverse functions together, e.g. market and Engineering, to share information in a common format. Not only does this result in a better product but it also delivers productivity improvement in the process. (Doman Vaughan, 2017)Ryanairs operations manager must first understand the basic elements above. Then we need to educate our employees and develop the system. in effect(p) and accurate operating system causes a n ongoing relationship with customers. In order to improve the productivity of the company it requires the efforts of many officers and staff. They are constantly getting new education must work to improve the operating system. oddly the operating manager must develop better program based on the knowledge to improve production. However, this requires a rational business afterwards identifying the organization and cost-based structure of the enterprise.In order to improve customer joy, it is essential to provide employees with products that can meet customer expectations, effectively handle customer complaints, and improve employees welfare and sense of unity. Finally customer satisfaction is just the quality of the products but also products with inherent to the product throughout the entire process, including planning, design, design, production, after-sales service of the product corporate culture image, providing a corporate philosophy to customers and consumers satisfaction t o We must meet customer expectations more than ever, so customers should be able to increase their repurchase rates and maintain their preference.If Ryanair understands and operates this lever, naturally, customer satisfaction is ensured up a fixed hierarchy.In other words, customer satisfaction management is a management method that seeks to secure long-term and continuous stable profit base that is unaffected by market changes by taking customer satisfaction as the ultimate management goal, deviating from the anterior management goal of increasing market share and cost reduction. (Knowledge Encyclopedia, 2017)ReferencesDoman Vaughan. (2017, 03 14). pentad key levers to productivity improvement . Retrieved from Doman Vaughan http//domanvaughan.com/productivity-improvement.htmlfile///C/Users/park/Downloads/Assignment%201-Operations%20management%20.pdf. (2017, 03 12). Case The Hubris Effect? p. 4/7.Knowledge Encyclopedia. (2017, 03 14). Customer Satisfaction Management. Retrieved f rom Knowledge Encyclopedia http//terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=463902cid=42109categoryId=42109Philosophy, C. (2017, 03 06). Retrieved from Corporate Philosophy http//flyasiana.com/CW/ko/common/pageContent.do?pageId=PC_0590philosophy, M. (2017, 03 05). Management philosophy. Retrieved from KOREANAIR https//kr.koreanair.com/korea/ko/about/who-we-are2.htmlprograms, V. e. (2017, 03 06). Various educational programs. Retrieved from https//kr.koreanair.com/korea/ko/about/who-we-are2.htmlSystem, C. o. (2017, 03 06). Classification of Manufacturing (Production) System. Retrieved from http//www.mbanetbook.co.in/2010/05/pom-types-or-classification-of.htmlsystems, P. (2017, 03 06). Production systems. Retrieved from Production systems http//www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/design/resistantmaterials/processystemsrev1.shtmlVISION, H. (2017, 03 11). HR VISION. Retrieved from Aisana Airlines https//recruit.flyasiana.com/web-books. (n.d.). 11.1. Operations Management in Manufacturing. Retrieved 2 27, 2017, from web-books http//www.web-books.com/eLibrary/NC/B0/B66/091MB66.htm

2D Colloidal Nanocrystal for Optoelectronic and Solar Cell

2D Colloidal Nanocrystal for Optoelectronic and solar CellNovel 2D colloidal nanocrystal for optoelectronic and solar cell applicationsRecently, 2D material has attracted tremendous attention due to their fascinating physicochemical properties. Particularly, the discovery of graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a 2D honeycomb lattice has ignited the research on this separate of 2D materials due to extraordinary mechanical, electric and optical properties not spy in their bulk counterparts. Considering graphene is a simple material composed of lonesome(prenominal) carbon element, it cannot satisfy the increasing requirements of diverse applications due to limitations in the versatility and the tunability of composition, organize and functionality in addition to the paradox between the high-mobility FermiDirac electronic grammatical construction and the need for a size-dependent band gap for traditional semiconductor devices. As a result, of paramount importance and interest is to search alternative 2D materials which possess much more than than flexibility and diversity of composition, body complex body part, and functionality. Layered metal dichalcogenides much(prenominal) as WS2 and MoS2 have been extensively investigated. Like graphite, the atoms within the innkeeper layers form strong covalent bonding with relatively weaker interactions between layers such as van der Waals force. Consequently, micromechanical cleavage by Scotch-tape is the some straightforward method to obtain an individual layer while retaining their intrinsic host structure. though it is crucial to evaluate their physical properties, this approach is time-consuming and the yield is too low. More recently, a direct liquid exfoliation where a capable solvent is selected to stabilize cleaved crystallites was proposed to produce nanosheets. This process, comprised of ion-exchange, osmotic swelling, and exfoliation, is useful, but the concentration of unilamella r nanosheet in the firmness of purpose is still very low with the yield no more than a few tens of percentage and the properties of the resulting nanosheets atomic occur 18 dictated by their lift 3D materials, which loses the opportunities to stick out and control over chemical composition and structure. In order to meet the demand for fabrication of functional nanostructured electronic and optoelectronic devices, a facile process to produce large amount of 2D nanocrystal (NC) with supposition of tuning the properties is really imperative.Colloidal chemical synthetic route has been exhibit highly attractive and powerful for their low-cost synthesis to obtain NCs from solution in excellent yield with a good uniformity in terms of chemical composition, surface properties, construct, and size. The complete control over size, shape and structure of the colloidal NCs via tuning reaction chemistry come throughs new-fashioned pathways to design material where size or shape depend ent properties can be exploited. In this get a line, the metal dichalcogenides such as MoS2 and WS2, typically with a trilayer structure of covalently interconnected layers of S, M, and S atoms, go away be the main candidates. High transaction solar cells built from them in 2D NC form is the final goal. As such, colloidal synthetic route leave behind require balance of the reagent excerpt and reaction chemistry to accurately control the growth in the NC. all(prenominal) the advantages of 2D colloidal NCs will be exploited to fabricate solar cells in low cost while retaining efficiencies towards 10%. The objectives of this proposal are as followsDevelop colloidal synthetic routes for 2D colloidal NCs. counterweight the reagent choice and ligand chemistry to achieve NC growth with controllable size, shape, and particularly thickness. cooperate 2D colloidal NCs to device scale area and perform reciprocal material studies with electronic properties ( attack aircraft carrier lifet ime, photoluminescence, carrier mobility).Fabricate all-inorganic NC solar cells and optimize in the device parameter space towards high power conversion efficiency.The project will be divided into three work packages (WPs) with a number of lines in each WP structured to achieve the aims and objectives.Work software product 1 Controllable synthesis delegate 1.1 Develop colloidal synthetic routes to 2D semiconductor NCs.Hot-injection method which involves the injection of a cold solution of precursor molecules into hot liquid will be employed due to the fast formation of nuclei with slow growth of the existing nuclei but not to new nucleation for well controlled size and thickness. The product will be separated by centrifuging and washed up for characterization and analysis by XRD, electron diffraction and HRTEM for structure, and explosive detection system and Raman for chemical composition.Task 1.2 Monitor and control the thickness, doping and their issuance on the optical p roperties.Unlike 0D and 1D NC, in addition to control over composition and structure of 2D NCs, of particular interest is to rationally design and aviation the thickness-dependent optical and electronic properties. For example, few-layer MoS2 has an indirect bandgap, but when it is thinned to single-layer, it becomes direct bandgap leading to compound photoluminesence. In this task we will monitor the effects of the thickness statistical distribution particularly on absorption and photoluminescence (lifetime and QY). The latter will also be used as a metric to decide on the more promising routes for device fabrication, foc employ on highly PL materials as the most promising candidates. In addition, substitutional or interstitial doping of metal sites within 2D NC may be employed to engineer optical characteristics.Work Package 2 Optoelectronic Properties of NC solidsThe presence of covalently bound ligands on the surface of colloidal NC provide a versatile synthetic handle for tail oring the structure, stability, and importantly electronic and optical properties. The deviation of composition and atom arrangement along the terminating boundary and corner sites of 2D colloidal NCs also offers another way to tune their properties. One of the key determinant factors of the performance of solar cells is the carrier mobility. In this task we will investigate ligand exchange strategies utilize ligands that are shorter than 0.3 nm and contain functional head groups such as di-thiol groups and carboxyl-acid based groups. At the same time those functional groups should serve to passivate dangling bonds and therefore their electron-donating closeness will be chosen accordingly. We will monitor the effect of those ligands on carrier mobility by performing CELIV measurements in diode structures resembling an actual solar cell device architecture as well as using FET mobility measurements.In addition to high carrier mobilities NC solids for efficient solar cells call for long carrier lifetimes. Such long lifetimes can be achieved by suppressing trap states and recombination centers typically caused at grain boundaries and interfaces. The role of this task is to monitor the degree of passivation of the ligands utilized with Photoluminescence and PL-lifetime measurements.Work Package 3 photovoltaic device fabrication, testing and optimizingTask 3.1 We will develop simple Schottky and bilayer heterostructures in which the sole photoactive layer is the 2D NC which can be achieved by using a transparent n-type high bandgap semiconductor to form a junction. We will then perform carrier lifetime and recombination-rate characterization employing transient photovoltage and photocurrent measurements.Task 3.2 Optimization of heterojunctions based on 2D NCs.We will perform a device optimization study in which we will study the effect of layer thickness and contact selection to maximize efficiency. The optimized thickness will be sought as a combination of the expected carrier diffusion length and achievable depletion widths based on the mobility, lifetime and carrier density of the semiconductor. Appropriate contacts will be investigated based either on inorganic (MoOx) or organic hole transport layers (electron blocking layers).

Impact of Workplace Environment on Employee Productivity

Impact of Workplace environs on Employee ProductivityIntroductionOrganizational survival in highly turbulent surround has become the major concern of organizations today. Globalization and change magnitude use of technology has b testyt tremendous change and created forward-looking demands for business world. The strategic intention of organizations today is to achieve innovation at dispiritning speed and insufficiency people to diddle recrudesce, smarter and faster. The war for talent is instantly more warlike than ever before. Realizing the current ch all in allenges of business environs and to make survival mathematical, organizations swallow started paying more emphasis on managing the per changeance of their employees, fulfilling their comfort take by providing them an rough-and-ready meditate milieu that in any case patroning them to draw and quarter and support the talent. harmonise to Sundstrom, (1994) (as cited in Hameed and Amjad 2009), majority of peop le spend 50% of their lives indoors indoor surrounds, which greatly watch their mental status, actions, abilities and cognitive process. (Carnevale 1992, Clements-Croome 1997) (as cited in Hameed and Amjad 2009), highlighted that better outcomes and increased productiveness basis achieved through better arrive at surroundings.This take on is intended to analyze the impact of formulate environment on employees productivity. As it has been revealed through literature that oeuvre environment influence occupants productivity, therefore, aforementioned(prenominal) supposition would be tested for divers(prenominal) organizations of manufacturing and seduce sectors of Pakistan.BackgroundHughes, (2007) (as cited in Hameed and Amjad 2009), conducted a suss out comprising of 2000 employees belongs to different organizations and industries and fleshated at denary levels. The findings of the take on reported that cab atomic procedure 18t out of ten believed that a wo rkspace spirit affects the attitude of employees and increases their productivity. look into conducted by BOSTI (Buffalo Organization for Social and Technological Innovation) indicates that oeuvre design has a deport link to employee fashion and is fundamental in achieving strategic business verifiables. brill (1992) (as cited in Amir and Sahibzada) conducted a survey and the findings suggested that improvement in personal design of office building may result in 5% to 10% increases in productivity.Contextual couchworkAccording to Hameed and Amjad, (2009), better employment produces better results. Research conducted by ASID (Ameri washbasin Societies of Interior Designers) on what employees values some in the workplace, comprising of 382 respondents. Comfort issues got the highest rating i-e 41% which is concerned with the comfort of the workplace, ranging from the forcible comfort to the atmosphere or life of the environment.Hammed and Amjad (2009), highlighted that inc reased personal confine and comfort needs of employees triggered the concern among organizations to provide them with a workplace environment, which non only fulfills the employees needs save similarly helps to promote their productivity.Problem appointment/StatementAs discussed by Hameed and Amjad, (2009), in Pakistan, the workplace environment, its importee and its cerebrate issues argon significantly ignored. They further reported that there has been no or very slight attention paid to the workplace environment and moreover, employers and employees ar non aware of the influence and hidden dynamics of workplace environment. much(prenominal) circumstances are affecting the employees productivity and then in the form of delay in work completion, frustration, increase in absenteeism effect on personal growth etc.Therefore, mapping of this interrogation is to identify and playing area the elements of the workplace environment which can affect the productivity of emp loyees in the manufacturing and services sector companies of Pakistan. The primary quill objective of this explore is to investigate the effects of workplace environment on its occupants perceived productivity.1.3 Research QuestionsThe interrogation questions of the study are as follows1. Is there any affinity amongst the comp cardinalnts of workplace environment and employees productivity?2. Which section of workplace environment? Behavioral or visible has the greater impact on employees productivity.3. Which elements of the two components of the workplace environment sop up the significant affect on productivity of employees?4. Which of the sector of Pakistan? Manufacturing or run contain significant influence of workplace environment on employees productivity.1.4 kitchen rangeThe orbit of the study is modified to the manufacturing and services sectors companies of Pakistan. Despite of the scope, this study would help employers of all reputation in managing their work force performance through disclosure significant dynamics and influence of workplace environment.1.5 Delimitation of ResearchThe study is delimited to the two major sectors of Pakistan that are manufacturing and services sectors. It would not treat all the companies of manufacturing and services sector of Pakistan. Moreover, the respondents in this study are limited to only Karachi.1.6 Definition of Key Wordsenvironmental psychology environmental psychology studies the interactions and relations between people and their environments. (Oskamp Schultz, 1998, p. 206) (as cited in Neill 2008)Workplace According to Peterson Beard (2004) (as cited in Amir and Shahibzada, n.d) , workplace can be be as an study within an organization that can be consistent to achieve contingent goal.Productivity In this the perceived productivity would be thrifty in formal workplace place setting, and defined by (Clements-Croome and Kaluarachchi 2000) as cited in Hameed and Amjad2009) that perceiv ed performance measure as an power employ to assess someones aggregated perceptions, attitudes or assessments toward an organizations product or service.CHAPTER-2Literature study2.1 purlieual Psychology environsal Psychology is a unfermented orbital cavity in the field of psychology. (Spener, 2007). The origin of this field is unknow, however, some curtilage name been found through the investigate studies conducted by different researchers during the years of seventies and 1980s.(Pol, 2006). The term environmental psychology was first coined by Hellpach in his hold up Geopsyche as stated in the studies of Kaminsiki (1976), Graumann (1976) and Kuse Graumann (1987) (as cited in Pol, 2006). surroundal Psychology as defined by Hellpach (as cited in Pol, 2006) is an interdisciplinary field that examines the relationship between human and their surroundings. Hellpach (as cited in Pol, 2006) broadly explained the term environment by dividing it into the future(a) categoriesNat ural or geopsychological operator environmentCommunity or psycho loving factor environmentThe built-world or technopsycologyAfter the world-war-II, there was an immense need of suppuration required at all(prenominal) corner of the world from all perspectives especially in the field of attitude change, small-group processes, and intergroup conflict. Therefore, umteen psychologist felt the need and they started exploring and applying loving psychological theories, so that people and their lives could be brought in harmony (Pol, 2006). Hellpach was an outstanding psychologist (as cited in Pol, 2006), he believes that environment influence human mind in two tracks influence through meaning of impression (immediate experience) and influence causing psychological changes in the body, which in turn, generate experiences.Environmental Psychology has been evolving since many years and realizing its and significance in lives of individual, massive researches wear been generated. In 19 87 two colossal volumes of Handbook of Environmental Psychology was published. Journal of Environmental psychology was started in1981 and its receiving and publishing the studies. Realizing its benefits of the field another journal has been introduced i-e the journal of architectural design and research (Spencer, 2007). American Psychological Association (APA) has an established variability for this area, know as Population and Environment and solely devoted to the point i-e to improve interactions between human behavior, environment and population. There are many other institutes that have a separate devoted section for environmental psychology examples include Canadian Psychological Association, Environmental Psychology in UK (EPUK), Environmental Design Research Association (EDRA). Other organizations include external Association of People Environment Studies (IASP) which likewise serving the similar purpose i-e to improve the physical environment and human come up universe and external Association of Applied Psychology has as substantially division IV called Environment (Spencer, 2007).Vischer, (2008) further contri aloneed in the field and explained that how the workplace is designed and occupied does not only influence on how people feel but to a fault it affects their work performance, their commitment to their employer and the creation of new familiarity (human capital in the organization. Visher, (2008), also highlighted that these are the foundation stone of the domain, known as environmental psychology. Considering the potential of this emerging new area of study, many researchers have apply and analyzed the concept of environmental psychology by studying the relationship and influence of workplace or office environment on occupants productivity and performance. As stated by Peterson and Beard, (2004) (as cited in Amir and Shahibzada, n.d) , one possible way through which organizations can achieve competitive advantage is by introducing in novative smart strategies that can improve and upraise human performance and can be boost or controlled by the situational factors that into the organizations workspace.2.2 Workplace EnvironmentAccording to Roelofsen, (2002) (as cited in Amir and Shahibzada, n.d) works environment is one of the natural human requirements that enable people to perform their work effectively chthonian defined conditions. As explained by Gan Haynes (n.d), today organizations are operating in highly turbulent environment and the global workforce is now vigorous than ever before that indicates that organizations are not competing for talent nationally but also at international level. Such demands arises the need and compel organizations to postulate and attract and retain the best human capital. Therefore, Gay Haynes, (n.d) emphasizingd that organizations must(prenominal) pay attention to occupiers preferences and also identified that by adopting workplace design strategy organizations can surviv e in the highly competitive environment. some(prenominal) studies have attempted to explain work environment in different areas, some of the examples are employee turnover (Martin 1979), job satisfaction (Iaffaldano Muchinsky, 1985), employee turnover, job exponentiation and organisational commitment (Sjberg Sverke 2000) (as cited in Sohaib, Noor, Trimzi Bashir, 2009). Zeytinoglu Denton, (2005) (as cited in Sohaib, Noor, Trimzi Bashir, 2009) highlighted the importance of work environment and stated that it is one of the factors that affect employees decision to stay with the organization. Ramlall, (2003) (as cited in Sohaib, Noor, Trimzi Bashir, 2009) also empha coats on the importance of work environment and discussed that it is very essential to identify and understands the emerging needs of individuals to keep them committed and provide the work environment as necessitate and demanded. Milory, (2004) (as cited in Sohaib, Noor, Trimzi Bashir, 2009) investigated that people strive to and feel pleasure in working for those organizations that provide positive work environment.Earle, (2003) also discussed the idea that work environment is an effective tool to attract and retain employees. He further stated in his study some an breakaway research conducted on factors influencing employees decision to accept or reject a job. This study was commissioned by American Society for Interiors Designer (ASID). 663 adults were abandoned carte blanche to list down those influencing factors. The results revealed that 62 percent of respondents cited Compensation as the number one factor, while benefits and workplace acquired the second position world cited by 22% and 21% respectively. Physical workplace also stood at second position, when the factors of job satisfaction analyzed and explored. It was further observed that employees who were prosperous with their physical workplaces were 31% more likely to be satisfied with their jobs than those who were not. When employees were specifically asked whether a physical workplace would affect their decision to join a position 41% said that it would while, when the job seekers were asked whether a physical workplace would affect their decision to leave an organization, 51% said it would.Visher, (2008), emphasized that it would be helpful for employers and decision makers to study and apply research evidence to intend environmental design as an investment in the workforce. A new concept of ba has been introduced, which is now a days the boil down area of study for many researchers. The term ba indicates an environment that supports and encourage knowledge creation, not only through the design of space but also through the structure and operations of the social and cultural environment (Visher, 2008). Nenonen, (2004) (as cited in Visher, 2008), highlighted the importance of emerging concept of ba and stated that it provides a new insight for analyzing how features of organization add value to an organizations human capital.There has been huge amount of scientific research conducted by Roelofsen (2002) (as cited in Amir and Shahibzada, n.d), the findings indicated that up(a) working environment results in decrease in the number of complaints and absenteeism and increase in productivity. Govindarajulu (2004) (as cited in Amir and Shahibzada, n.d), also highlighted that in twenty-first century, businesses are moving towards more strategic advent of environmental management to enhance their productivity through improving and managing performance level of employees.2.3 ProductivityRollos, (1997) ( as cited in Hameed and Amjad 2009), stated that when people produce something with least effort, this is known as productivity. Sutermiester, (1976) ( as cited in Hameed and Amjad 2009) defined productivity as output per employee hour, quality considered. According to Dorgan, (1994) ( as cited in Hameed and Amjad 2009), productivity is the increased functional and organizational perf ormance, including quality. Hameed and Amjad, (2009) further explained that productivity is the ratio how well an organization converts input resources into goods and services. They also discussed that productivity measure carries different meaning at factory settings and at workplace setting. The performance of employees in factory can be measured by the number of units produced per employee per hour. While in formal workplace setting performance increased is considered when there is less absenteeism fewer employee leaving and less breaks. Therefore, such(prenominal) productivity is measured through personnels subjective assessment preferably than numeric operational information and this kind of productivity measured is known as subjective productivity measure and as defined by Wang and Giankis (1999) ( as cited in Hameed and Amjad 2009), subjective performance measure as an indicator used to assess individuals aggregated perceptions, attitudes or assessments toward an organizati ons product or service. (Clements-Croome and Kaluarachchi 2000)( as cited in Hameed and Amjad 2009),subjective productivity selective information is usually self- accumulate using survey questionnaires, it can also be descriptive or qualitative collected by inter slangs. Leaman and Bordass,(2000) (as cited in Haynes 2008) also support the idea of perceived productivity to measure office occupants productivity. Hence this research would explore the influence of workplace environment prevailing in services and manufacturing sector and therefore this study would also be measuring the subjective productivity.2.4 Workplace and Productivity(Uzee, 1999 Leaman and Bordass, 1993 Williams et al. 1985) ( as cited in Hameed and Amjad 2009) observed that by realizing the importance of workplace environment, many organizations have been applying new techniques to construct office building in a way that can attract more employees and leads to increase in productivity. They also discussed that now a days many researchers and authors have been emphasizing that the physical layout along with the effective and efficient management processes are playing an pregnant situation in enhancing employees productivity and organizational performance.According to Gensler, (2006) ( as cited in Hameed and Amjad 2009), in March 2006, an independent research firm conducted a research on US workplace environment. The survy was conducted by using a sample size of 2013 and the research was related to workplace designs, workplace satisfaction and productivity. 89 % of the respondents rated design, from important to very important and about 90 % of senior officials expressed that effective workplace design isimportant for the increase in employees productivity. According to the rough estimate provided by executives also showed that 22% increase can be achieved in the organizations performance if their workplaces are well designed. Therefore, the findings of the survey suggested that businesses c an enhance their productivity by improving and managing their workplace.Gensler, (2006) ( as cited in Hameed and Amjad 2009), further stated that despite the potential of workplace environment many organizations still not pay the required attention. The findings also highlighted the fact that 40% of the employees believe that their companies deprivation to keep their costs low that is why their workplaces have bad designs and 46% of employees think that the priority list of their company does not have workplace design on top. When information was summarized, almost one out of every five employees rated their workplace environment from, fair to poor. 90% admitted that their attitude about work is adversely affected by the quality of their workplace environment while, 89% employees blamed their working environment for their job dissatisfaction.2.5 Relationship between Workplace Design and ProductivityRoethlisberger Dickson, (1939) (as cited in Haynes, n.d) pointed out that the res earches investigating the affects of working environment on occupants productivity are too old that their evidences have been found in studies conducted during 1903s.According to Brill et al. (1984) ( as cited in Hameed and Amjad 2009), severalise-conscious factors, which affect productivity according to their importance. The sequenced of factors are found on the significance furniture, noise, flexibility, comfort, communication, lighting, temperature and the air quality. There is also some evidence found through Springer Inc (1986) ( as cited in Hameed and Amjad 2009),that an insurance company in a study revealed the best ergonomic furniture improved performance by 10% to 15%.Leaman, (1995) ( as cited in Hameed and Amjad 2009) conducted a survey, the investigation is ground on the relationship between the indoor environment, dissatisfied employees and their productivity. The findings suggested that productivity of the work is affected, reason being the environmental factors tha t people were unhappy with temperature, air quality, light and noise levels in the office.2.6 Theoretical Framework DevelopmentAccording to Haynes, (n.d), immense amount of literature is available on affects of workplace environment on occupants productivity (Osealan 1999, Leaman and Bordass 2000, Clements Croome 2000) (as cited in Haynes n.d) also support this evidence, but then there is no universally accepted divinatory frame have not been developed yet through which the influence of workplace environment on employees productivity could be observed and measured.Haynes, (n.d) explained that previous researches have been conducted by establishing a link between physical component of workplace environment and employees productivity. near of the literature also acknowledged influence of social dimension of workplace place environment i-e the behavioral component, also impact the occupants productivity but there is little confirmable research available to support the idea. Olson, (2002) (as cited in Haynes 2008) also stated the researches that attempts to address are at the initial theoretical and disciplineal stage.Haynes, (2008), has collected, reviewed and researched occupants productivity form physical component as well as from behavioral component and proposed a theoretical model that is base on the idea that a workplace environment is consists of some(prenominal) the components (physical and behavioral) and also highlighted the point that behavioral component has greater impact on employees productivity as compared to the physical component.Haynes, (2008) described physical environment and behavioral environment as the physical environment consists of components of that relate to the office occupiers ability to physically connect with their office environment. While, behavioral environment consist of components that relate to how well the office occupiers connect with each other and the impact the office environment can have on the behavior of indi viduals.Haynes, (2008) pick out the research approach to developed a theoretical model that covers both the dimensions of workplace environment as both have an impact on employees productivity. For this purpose Haynes collected two selective information sets. The rst dataset was obtained from a research project for a local anesthetic authority research forum. The data were collected using a paper-based questionnaire survey. In total, ten local authorities took part in the research project, with responses from 26 ofces. The actual number of respondents was 996 from a population of 4,338 ofce occupants. The second data set was obtained from the private sector, through a piece of contract research. This supererogatory dataset was collected to with an aim to test the ndings of the rst dataset. The data set was collected from one company consisting of quadruplet main buildings, which formed the companys head ofce. The total number of head office staff was 800. The data were collected using an online questionnaire with a response rate of 53 per cent, i.e. 422 respondents. The same question was asked based on the 27 variables under investigation.Source Haynes, (n.d)The supra table is showing 27 variables used for research purpose (Haynes n.d). The statistical technique of factor outline is used that allow 27 evaluative variables to be reduced to four distinct components. The component of Comfort and Office layout represents the physical environment and the components of interactions and distractions represents the behavirol component as presented in the table under (Haynes, 2008).Source Haynes, (2008)2.7 Conceptual Frame WorkThe conceptual framework of the study is based on the same model proposed by Haynes, (2008) and the employees productivity would be measured and explored through the dimensions of workplace environment that are the physical component and behavioral components. Therefore, the constructed frame work is as followsBehavioral EnvironmentWorkplac e EnvironmentPhysical EnvironmentComfort Office LayoutInteraction Distraction + =CHAPTER-3Methodology3.1 Research objectiveAccording to Robson, 2003 (as cited in colorize 2004), in terms of purpose, a research can be broadly categorized as exploratory, descriptive and explanatory. exploratory research emphasizes to investigate new insights and happening about a phenomenon. descriptive study according to Hedrick et al. (1993) (as cited in Gray 2004), explains data and characteristics about a phenomenon being canvas where as explanatory research is a casing of research that seeks to establish and explores the relationship make ups between variables (Gray, 2004).Therefore, by considering the overall objective of the thesis and research questions, this study falls in explanatory class of research purpose because we would be acquiring explanatory knowledge by examining the relationships between dependent and independent variables.3.2 Research ApproachDewey, (1933) (as cited in Gr ay 2004) identified two broad research approaches known as deductive and Inductive research approach. Deductive reasoning as defined by Gray, (2004) is a top-down approach that works form more commonplace to more specific. Deductive process involves testing of theories or hypothesis and gulp conclusions based on existing research studies. While, inductive research is scheme generating. Its a bottom-up approach that begins with a specific observation and ends with the development of generalized possibleness that is based on the analysis of collected data (Gray, 2004).This study is deductive as we would be exploring and testing existing empirical theories and models related to workplace environment, measuring its impact on employees performance within its defined context and would also be drawing logical inferences.3.3 Research Design3.3.1 MethodAs stated by Ghaur and Ghaur, ( n.d), research methods can be classified as qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative research as defined by Ghaur and Ghaur (n.d), is an inquiry process of understanding a social and human problem in a natural setting. It involves analysis of unregulated information and used to gain insight into peoples behavior, attitude, culture and lifestyle. Types of qualitative research includes case study, involves in-depth understanding of phenomenon in its real context through tenfold sources of evidence. Ethnography is a study of characteristics of peoples culture, conducted in the natural environment setting. Grounded theory is a research method in which theory is developed inductively based on the data collected through observation. Phenomenology is a study of experiences from the individuals perspective. (Gray, 2004). A qualitative study can be conducted by adopting one of the methods that are participant -observation usually acquired to collect data on naturally occurring behavior in its real context. In-depth interviews are appropriate to conduct for sensitive topics as it allows a res earcher to collect holistic understanding of participants point of view or situation. Focus group technique is useful to gain and perpetrate relevant data on the cultural norms of a group and in generating broad overviews of issues relating to that particular groups or subgroups being involved (Gray, 204).According to Ghaur and Ghaur, ( n.d), quantitative research is empirical and involves testing of models, theories or hypotheses pertaining to natural phenomenon through analyzing and establishing statistical relationships. A quantitative research is divided in two groups depending on the data collection methods that are experimental and non experimental quantitative research. The primary goal of experimental quantitative research is to provide strong evidence for cause and effect relationship. A non-experimental quantitative research involves variables that are not manipulated by the researcher and instead are studied as they exist (Ghaur and Ghaur, n.d). An analytical survey as e xplained by Gray, (2004) is one of the methods to collect data that covers specific characteristics suitable to carry out deductive research.This study can be classified as quantitative research because of its empirical nature and characteristics of using quantifiable data. We would be drawing conclusion based on experimentation and systematic observations. Further it can be classified as non-experimental quantitative research because our research carries many independent variables that need to be studied and that cannot be manipulated. Analytical survey method would be adopted as its composition facilitates our research design that it tests the theory in a specific domain by investigating association between research variables and more specifically we would be conducting a cross-sectional survey as information on population would be gathered at a single point in time. Questionnaire would be used as a research prick as we would have large sample size and its easy to quantify.3.3.2 Sampling3.3.2.1 Population of InterestManufacturing and services sectors are the focus areas of the research. As this study would be presenting a comparative analysis of both the sectors, with respect to their prevailing workplace environment therefore, the sample would be haggard from the population of identified sectors.3.3.2.2 Sampling TechniqueAs explained by Gray, (2004), consume methods can be divided into two broad categories luck and non probability sampling. A probability sampling is a type of sampling in which every unit in the population has a chance (greater than zero) of being selected in the sample. Types of probability sampling includes random sampling and secernate sampling. haphazard sampling is a type of sampling in which each individual in the population of interest has an equal likelihood of selection. While stratified sampling is a mini-reproduction of the population that is force by dividing the population into important characteristics required for resea rch. (Gray, 2004). Non probability sampling as highlighted by Gray, (2004), is also known as non-representative sampling. It is a sampling process in which samples are drawn from the desired population and does not provide and does not provide all the individuals in the population of equal chances of being selected. The different types of non-probability sampling includes convenience sampling is such a sampling in which sample are selected on the basis of their ease of accessibility and availability. Quota sampling is used with a purpose to sets the proportions of levels or strata within the sample. Purposive sampling technique is adopted for a very specific need or purpose. In such sampling people who have knowledge about a particular problem are selected as sample members (Gray, 2004).The data for the study would be collected from different organizations operating in manufacturing and services sectors, therefore, non-probability sampling and specifically convenience sampling woul d be appropriate to adopt as its to a higher place defined nature facilities our research.3.3.2.3 Sample SizeThe sample size for this research has been proposed on the basis of the formula developed by Tabachnik and Fidell (2001, p. 117) and is stated to a lower placeN 50 + 8m, where m equals the number of predictor variablesAccording to Tabachnik and Fidell (2001, p. 117), the above formula is applicable for computing the sample size required for multiple regression.Therefore, in this research the no. of independent variables are four and hence the sample size is calculated accordingly i-e 82 as shown below50 + 8 (4) = 823.4 Validity ReliabilityValidity as defined by Gray, (2004), is the degree to which data in a research study are accurate and credible. While reliability is the degree to which an instrument will produce similar results at a different consequence (Gray, 2004).To increase the quality of research and to ensure the reliability and validity of data collected throu gh defined research tool, following steps would be consideredData will be conducted from reliable respondents who actually experiencing the workplace environment in manufacturing and services.Questionnaire for survey would be based on the variables previously studied and tested.

Urinary Excretion and Paracetamol

Urinary riddance and ParacetamolInvestigateurinary emptying of paracetamol in man.Paracetamol, known as acetaminophen in the USA, is angiotensin converting enzyme of the most mutually used analgesic and antipyretic doses available over-the-counter. Its common name derives from the full chemical name para-acetyl-amino-phenol, with the chemical formula C8H9NO2 and amolecular clog of 151.17.Paracetamol does not have anysignificant anti-inflammatory action and therefore cannot be accuratelydescribed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), as was oncethought. Its mechanism of action is settle down poorly understood but some studieshave suggested that it inhibits a variant of the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme COX-1, which has been designated COX-3 (Swierkosz et al. 2002). Paracetamol actsmainly in the central nervous dodge and endothelial cubicles, rather than inplatelets and immune carrels. Boutaud and colleagues (2002) hypothesised thatthis may be explained by the high lev els of peroxides found in the latter cell types, which inhibit the action of paracetamol. There has been some debate on thesubject, with former(a) researchers proposing an inhibitory action against COX-2(Graham Scott 2005). Further research is required to fully edify the mechanism of action at the molecular level.Metabolism and riddance chase oral government and assiduity from the gastrointestinal tract, paracetamol enters the blood and is distributed throughout the body. It is metabolised by enzymes in the hepatocytes of the liver and the bulk is converted to inactive metabolites by juncture with sulphate or glucuronide. This is then filtered out of theblood by the kidneys and into the peeing, via active nephritic tubular secretion. Asmall portion of paracetamol remains unaltered and passes into the urine viaglomerular filtration and passive absorption (Morris Levy 1984). Thereis excessively a small proportion of the paracetamol that is metabolised by the thecytochrome P4 50 system, which results in the formation of cysteine or glutathioneconjugates and mercapturic acid conjugates (figure 2). These products ofoxidative transfiguration are also excreted renally (Andrews et al. 1976).Paracetamol has a low therapeuticindex, so the therapeutic dose is very close to the cyanogeneticant dose. Toxicity canoccur following a single large dose (10g) or with chronic lower doses(4-5g/d) and is usually seen as hepatotoxicity, which can result in deathwithin several days (Wikipedia).Toxicity occurs when the enzymesresponsible for catalysing sulphate and glucuronide wedlock becomesaturated, forcing metabolism to be increasingly dependent upon the cytochromeP450 system. This results in formation of a toxic metabolite,N-acetyl-p-benzo-quinone imine (NAPQI), which is unremarkably mopped up by bindingto the sulphydryl group of glutathione to form inactive conjugates andmercapturic acid. Toxicity occurs when the glutathione show becomes exhaustedand NAPQI binds in discriminately to molecules within the cell, such asmembranes, to cause cell defame and death, seen as acute hepatic necrosis.1)Major pathway for normal metabolism2)Minor pathway via cytochrome P450 system produces toxic metabolite (NAPQI),shown in red. Normally this is detoxified by binding to glutathione.3) Toxicity occurs when pathways 1 and 2 are overloadedand NAPQI binds to molecules of the cell, ca development damage.Modifiedfrom Rang et al. 1995.Aim of testThe aim of this test is toinvestigate the renal body waste of paracetamol, by measuring the levels ofparacetamol metabolites in human urine over 6 hours following an oral dose of500mg. The total excretion will be assessed using the spectrophotometricmethod. From this data the elimination rate unvaried (KE) and thehalf-life (T1/2) will be calculated. Qualitative analysis of thevarious metabolites will be conducted using appropriate chemical denominationtechniques.METHODA standard stock antecedent ofparacetamol was pre pared at 1mg/cm3 and dilutions were made to givea range of known concentrations. 1 cm3 of the paracetamol solutionwas added to 1 cm3 blank urine and 4 cm3 4M HCl, andmixed thoroughly. A blank duplicate was also prepared, using water kind of ofurine. After an hour in a boiling water bath the tubes were cooled and wateradded, up to 10 cm3. 1 cm3 of this hydrolysed urinesolution was added to 10 cm3of colour forming solution, mixed and allowed to stand for40 minutes. The absorbance of each solution was measured, using thespectrophotometer, zeroing the official document using the drug free urine sample inbetween solutions. This produced the readings for the calibration curve. Thecollected time urine samples were then processed in the aforesaid(prenominal) way, adding 1 cm3water instead of paracetamol solution.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONKnown concentrations of paracetamolunderwent spectrophotometry to measure the absorbance at 620nm. These resultswere used to produce a calibration curve (f igure 3). The time urine sampleswere then analysed following the same protocol and the absorbance at 620nm wasused, in conjunction with the calibration curve to memorize the concentrationof paracetamol in the urine. Unfortunately, half of the samples producedabsorbances outside the range of the calibration curve. Because this curve isnon-linear, extrapolation and dilution cannot be used to accurately deduce theconcentration of paracetamol in the urine. For the purposes of this report theconcentration for these samples has been declared as greater than 800ug/cm3.This is not very satisfactory and further experiments must be done to extendthe range of the calibration curve to the maximum absorbancy of the timedsamples. The values of KE and T1/2 have been calculatedto demonstrate the procedure, but are inaccurate and will deficiency revising onceaccurate concentrations have been established form the calibration curve.Table 1Timed urine sampleMean absorbance 620nmConc. ug/cm3Vol. Uri ne (ml)Total drug (ug of paracetamol)Excretion rate mg/h0000001 hour0.25619224547040472 hours1.9188005040000403 hours1.769800383040030.44 hours1.0288005544000445 hours0.3492461353321033.26 hours0.2551921603072030.7Table 1 contains the absorbanceresults of the timed urine samples and the deduced concentration of paracetamolin the urine, as well as the hourly excretion rate. The total come up ofparacetamol excreted over the 6 hour period was 225.3mg, which is 45% of theorally administered dose. Due to problems discussed above, this is anunderestimate of the true percentage of dose excreted renally, which has beenfound to be 55-70% by some other studies (Steventon et al. 1996).When log of the excretion rate(equivalent to total drug excreted per hour) is plotted against time, a linearplot should be achieved, from which KE can be estimated.The slope of this straight lineequates to KE /2.303, which gives a value for KE of0.094. use the formula T1/2 =0.692/ KE , the valueof T1/2 = 7.36 hours.This states that it takes the body7.36 hours to excrete half of the drug administered. This is lifelong than the1-4 hours usually quoted for paracetamol (Rang et al. 1995), and is notsurprising minded(p) the underestimation of the paracetamol urine concentration.With proper calibration, this would be expect to decrease to nearer thepreviously found results.There were no results for thequalitative studies for metabolite composition, but it would be expected thatsulphate and glucuronide conjugates would constitute the majority of the sample,with a smaller quantity of unaltered paracetamol, cysteine/glutathione andmercapturic acid metabolites.These results only represent oneindividual on one day and replications of this experiment are crucial.Nutritional status, recent alcohol consumption, ethnic background, synchronicdrug usage and illness must all be taken into account as factors that mayaffect paracetamol metabolism and excretion (Riordan Williams 2002, Patel Tang 1992).F urther analysis of paracetamolexcretion.Hepatotoxicity and drug interactionsTable 2 shows how concurrent use of phenobarbital, ananti-epileptic drug, can increase the unkindness of liver damage caused byparacetamol administration and its subsequent metabolism.Table 2 Effect of Phenobarbital onparacetamol induced hepatotoxicityTreatmentDose of Paracetamol (mg/kg) ghastliness of liver necrosisNone 375 1-2+Phenobarbital 375 2-4+_________This occurs due to metabolism ofphenobarbital by enzymes of the P450 cytochrome system, which results inupregulation of their production. As explained in the introduction (see fig.2), P450 enzymes also metabolise paracetamol, to form the toxic metaboliteNAPQI. This is normally a minor pathway but as the summate of P450 enzymesavailable increases, the activity of this pathway also increases. This resultsin a larger than normal amount of NAPQI, which is mopped up and inactivated byglutathione. Glutathione supplies will eventually run out, which occurs soonerif the person is malnourished. When this happens the toxic metabolite binds tocell components, make necrosis. To prevent this occurring, such as in casesof overdose, N-acetylcysteine can be given (Routledge et al. 1998), which isrequired for glutathione synthesis and helps to boost it. This allows agreater amount of the toxic metabolite to be mopped up and reduces cell damage..Paracetamol metabolism following hepatotoxicityTable 3Plasmaparacetamolconcentrations(ug/cm3)Patients Plasmaparacetamol 4 hrs after 12hrsafterHalf life (h) ingestion ingestion_______________________________________________________________noliver damage (18) 2.9 +/= 0.3 163 +/=20 29.5 +/=6liverdamage (23) 7.2+/= 0.7 296 +/= 26 124 +/=22___Table 3 shows that, in a study, theability of patients with liver damage to eliminate paracetamol from the bloodis much decreased, compared to healthy people. This is seen by the prolongedhalf-life and the high levels of paracetamol in the plasm. The plasma leveldoes co me down by 12 hrs, which indicates that there is enough running(a) liverreserve to metabolise some of the drug, but the level is still very high. Toascertain whether it is however conjugation that is affected, or whether all thepathways are affected equally it would be necessary to quantify the levels ofdifferent metabolites in the blood and urine. As conjugation is responsiblefor the majority of metabolism, damage to all systems will still show up asaffecting conjugation the most.In theory reduced clearance of asubstance is useful for monitoring the severity of liver damage, but in thecase of paracetamol it would be unwise as it could potentiate the hepatotoxiceffects and worsen the liver condition. It is also unnecessary as there arealready a number of reliable blood tests for liver function and damage.REFERENCESAndrews, R. S., Bond, C. C., Burnett, J., Saunders, A. Watson, K. 1976 Isolation and identification of paracetamol metabolites. J Int Med Res 4,34-9.Boutaud, O., Arono ff, D. M., Richardson, J. H., Marnett, L. J. Oates, J. A. 2002 Determinants of the cellular specificity of acetaminophen as an inhibitor of prostaglandin H(2) synthases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99,7130-5.Graham, G. G. Scott, K. F. 2005 Mechanism of action of paracetamol. Am J Ther 12, 46-55.Morris, M. E. Levy, G. 1984 Renal clearance and serum protein binding of acetaminophen and its major conjugates in humans. J Pharm Sci 73, 1038-41.Patel, M., Tang, B. K. Kalow, W. 1992 divergence of acetaminophen metabolism in Caucasians and Orientals. Pharmacogenetics 2, 38-45.Rang, H. P., Dale, M.M., Ritter, J.M. 1995 Pharmacology Churchill Livingstone.Riordan, S. M. Williams, R. 2002 Alcohol exposure and paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. crochet Biol 7, 191-206.Routledge, P., Vale, J. A., Bateman, D. N., Johnston, G. D., Jones, A., Judd, A., Thomas, S., Volans, G., Prescott, L. F. Proudfoot, A. 1998 Paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning. No need to change current guidelines to accid ent departments. Bmj 317, 1609-10.Steventon, G. B., Mitchell, S. C. Waring, R. H. 1996 Human metabolism of paracetamol (acetaminophen) at different dose levels. Drug Metabol Drug Interact 13, 111-7.Swierkosz, T. A., Jordan, L., McBride, M., McGough, K., Devlin, J. Botting, R. M. 2002 Actions of paracetamol on cyclooxygenases in tissue and cell homogenates of mouse and rabbit. Med Sci Monit 8, BR496-503.http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol.

Essay --

The idea of whats morally right and wrong changes inside each culture whether an validational culture or between individuals. However, the trounce loss leaders argon the ones who do whats right and best for the organization. During this look paper I will attempt to define the term leading style and its concept. Moreover, I will attempt to describe three lead styles, the development and the process one would follow to modify their leadership style. When pertaining to myself, I never saw myself as a leader but I will attempt to describe my leadership style and the advantages and disadvantage I would have in a business environment.Before defining leadership style one must define exactly what is leadership? thither are m either interpretations of leadership as well as leadership styles but one common term pertaining to leadership is the ability to entrance others to achieve a common goal or fantasy. Leadership is not an innate characteristic, but a complex suite of competencies , personal attributes and vision that requires development via education, exposure to progress to and issues, role modelling and mentoring with existing leaders. (Huges, Ginnett, Curphy, 1999)Edwin T. Cornelius collar defined leadership style as the broad, characteristic way in which a leader interacts with others across in various situations and occasions. (Cornelius, 2006) However, many researchers would prevail that leadership style is merely traits and they stand change within an organization or between different situations. Annick M. Brennen in an article stated A study of leadership styles therefore deals mainly with the manner in which the leader carries out his/her leadership functions or rolesthe use of authority and power and the appeal to the decision-maki... ...t leadership model suggest that its a good way to transport ahead in a world where values are more and more important, and where servant leaders can achieve power because of their values, ideals, and ethic s. In at onces society this particular learning style may be effective in creating a positive corporate culture and can lead to high morale among team members. The only challenge I may have is the slow decision making process when move to include members in the decision making process. However, the advantage is that I would work with team members to make decisions which in return should increase their productivity because they are more involved in the process. The democratic leadership is also my favored style because Im more of a team fake versus an autocratic leader. I would not demand my followers to do any task, I prefer to motivate my followers to success.

Further Celebration in the Hall :: Essays Papers

Further Celebration in the H altogether It is a cold, dark night when Beowulf enters the great hall carrying the head of the treac torpedous Grendel . He has defeated both the beast and his mother, so the Danes rejoice upon throwing their hero alive. They all listen eagerly as Beowulf tells his amazing tale of glory. He credits his success to god, saying that he would not have survived if God had not guarded him (Norton 48). Hrunting, the brand he has brought to battle, has failed him because Grendels mother has bewitched all swords so that they can not harm her. Luckily, fate has led him to see hanging on the wall a fair, ancient great sword (48) with which he defeats the powerful woman. Once he has slain the monster, the sword cryptically melts, leaving him with only the golden hilt to bring back to his Lord. After hear this great tale, King Hrothgar speaks. He is especially pleased with Beowulfs success, as he no longer has to live in fear for his kingdom. Through his speec h, he congratulates Beowulf and advises him with words of wisdom. Hrothgar cautions the almighty warrior to beware of his pride by not allowing it to swell, referable to his glory. He tells a tale about the notorious King Heremod who is diabolical with everything--money, power, strength, and glory Until his portion of prideincreases and swells within himthen the watcher sleeps,the souls defenderthat sleep is too sound,bound in its own cares,and the slayer or so nearwhose bow shoots treacherously. . .he cannot protect himself. . .angry-hearted he covets. . .and then he forgets andregards not his destinybecause of what God,wielder of heaven, has given him . . .In the end it happens in farm that the loaned body weakens,falls doomed another takes the earls ancient treasure,one who recklessly gives precious gifts does not fearfully guard them (49).From this speech, parallels can be pull between Beowulf and Hrothgar. Hrothgar states that he ruled the Ring-Danes for a hundred half-ye ars (49), and in the bet on part of the tale, it is revealed that Beowulf also reigns as a wise King for liter years. In his speech, Hrothgars reference to the loaned body and the earls ancient treasure directly tint to The Last Survivors Speech in the second part of Beowulf. It is this later apocalypse that connects Beowulf with The Wanderer. Click on the picture to the right for a closer smell at the passages that clearly show the parallel between Beowulf and The Wanderer.

Shakespeares Hamlet - Laertes :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Hamlets Laertes One of the less-discussed characters in the Shakespearean tragedy, Hamlet, is Laertes, the son of Polonius and brother to Ophelia. He witnesses the death of all of his displace family, thus losing his honorable approach to living until the very end of the free rein. Bernice W. Kliman in A Television Interpretation of Hamlet (1964 with Christopher Plummer) highlights the actions of Laertes at the climax of the drama Close-ups, of course, reveal that Gertrude offers Hamlet the poisoned wine once she has drunk, that Laertes crosses himself as he takes the dark rapier, that he gives Hamlet a foul blow afterward yearning urgings from Claudius, that the soldiers restrain Claudius after Laertes revelation. Yet the setting allows enough space well-nigh the close-ups for Laertes to make his first admission to Osric alone and for the supernumeraries to disappear while Horatio holds the dying(p) Hamlet, the frame widening out for Fortinbras stately entry. (157) Klim ans description contains around detail which is non within the official text since her description derives from a television version of Hamlet. Based on the stage version, Marvin Rosenberg describes Laertes in his essay, Laertes An voluntary but Earnest Young Aristocrat Laertes is a dashing, romantic envision who excites striking, spectacular moments in the play. Not much attention has been paid to him by scholar-critics and theatre observers for all his activity in the later acts, he is not much cursed with inward struggle while being contact by others fascinating for their infernos of inwardness. later on Laertes brief, bright introduction in I,i and I,iii, he disappears from the play and Denmark until he returns at the head of a rebellion in IV,v . . .. (87) With Rosenbergs overview of Laertes situation in the play, let us begin a consideration of his interaction with other members of the cast. Laertes makes his appearance in the drama after Marcellus, Barnardo and Hor atio have already seen the Ghost and have trifled with it in an effort to prompt it to communicate with them. Horatio and Marcellus exit the ramparts of Elsinore intending to enlist the aid of Hamlet, who is dejected by the oerhasty marriage to Hamlet Is wife less than deuce months after the funeral of Hamlets father (Gordon 128). After this scene, Laertes is one of many in attendance at a post-coronation genial gathering of the court at Elsinore.

Brave New World - A Wake-Up Call for Humanity Essay -- Brave New World

hold out New World - A Wake-Up wawl for Humanity(this essay has problems with the format)Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in England, military personnel society has had to struggle to adapt to new technology. There is a supplanting from traditional society to a modern one. Within the last ex years we have seen tremendous advances in science and technology, and we are enough more and more socially dependent on it. In the Brave New World, Huxley states that we are moving in the direction of Utopia much more rapidly than anyone had ever anticipated. Its goal is achieving happiness by giving up science, art, religion and other things we cherish in our world. It is an in worlde society secureled by technology where human organisms are produced on assembly line. His prophetic elements of human beings being conditioned, the concerns for the environment, importance of genetic engineering and reproduction, and our physical and mental breeding has now been one of the ma jor factors that the governments, businesses and educational institutions are exploiting today. We are cuneusconsciously moving to this bureaucracy of conformity, and Brave New World is a awaken up call from our obsessions of standardization socially, economically and politically. The story took place in A.F (After Ford) 632, this is 632years after Ford has released the first T-ford. Huxley used ?After Ford?to supply its majuscule advancement in making automobiles as a keep company over the years. In 1932, Huxley introduced Brave New World to show his great concern of the Western civilization. He saw that in the 1900s there was a dramatic economic change in different countries, where the wholesalers are being eliminated, and manufacturers selling directly to the consumers. For example, at that time Ford makes cars and even sells them. They control who and where they sell. Technology and transportation was increasing tremendously, which caused more and bigger factories, mass-pro ductions (eg. automobiles), and more construct goods. There were more volumes of trade and production due to more machinery. As grocery stores are growing, activities, structures, as well as attitudes towards companies are changing. Robert Heibroner suggests that ?the rise of much(prenominal) giant enterprises has changed the face of capitalism as they attempt to alter the market setting through a system of public and private planning (p.43).? Like the vi... ...re before (in terms of wealth, happiness, etc)? Are we too reliant on technology and science? Where is our individuality? Where is the tradeoff? How can we change to cylinder block ourselves from moving toward the so-called ?Utopia?society? It seems that we too, are living in an incubator, trap and conditioned, and we must do something to stop this from happening. Bibliography Huxley, Aldous. Brave New World. New York HarperPerennial, 1946. http//www.primenet.com/matthew/huxley/sub/Barron_BNW.html http//www.demigod.org/ zak/documents/high-school/brave-new-world/html http//www.ddc.net/ygg/etext/brave.htm Sexty,Robert. Overview of the blood System ,in Canadian business enterprise and Society, Prentice-Hall, Scarborough, Ontario, 2005, pp5-22 Chandler, Alfred D.Jr. The Roe of Business in the United States A Historical Survey, in Business and Society, Barry Castro ed., Oxford University Press, pp.61-88 Steiner, G.A. and Steiner,J.F., Critics of Business, in Business,Government and Society A Managerial Perspective, 8th ed., McGraw-Hill, 2005.pp,69-90 Shaw, William H.., The Nature of capitalist economy,in Business Ethics, 3rd ed., Wadworth, 2006, pp.124-152