Proposed Pipeline Route Analysis

Pro postd Pipeline R appeare analytic thinking turn up in formulateationClientWesthill CompanySiteB channelway, Worcestershire, United countryCurrent agriculture use and descriptionCurrently utilise for blood grazing and private residential field of champaign.DevelopmentProposed bank line installationconceptual office modelTopography curly-grained surfaces withsteep run.GeologyBirdlipLimestone organization, Bridport Formation, Whitby Mudstone Formation, Marlstone gem Formation, Dyrham Formation and Charmouth Mudstone Formation.Hydrology at that place atomic number 18 springs, seepages and termswater dischargeHydrogeologyBirdlipLimestone Formation- Moderate AquiferBirdportSand formation.Landsliding and stabilityCharacterised by ancient to new-fashioned landslips. Widely unstable world with visible earth movement. diachronic land usesEvidence of agricultural land use by the presence of blossom out and farrow and various drainage channels.Site model and geomorphology si xfold rotational landslips in the Whitby Mudstone formation. Marlstone shiver formation shows mudslide movement and deposits. Cambering in the Birdlip Limestone formation.RecommendationsConstraintsRestriction of round potential accessible places. Topography of the site.Proposedpipeline routingProposed pipeline route is some 1.09km. This is subdivided into 3 zones.LimitationsNo geophysical, laboratory test were conducted.In edge 2017, Motives good deal Services was commissioned byWesthill Construction Company to undertakea desk reputation and field peck report at Broadway, Worcestershire and produce a report to assist in their selection of a suitable pipeline route across the Cotswold eescarpmentment.The pipeline route is to be laid in the east of Broadway, at Farncombe House, to the western United States of the Cotswold escarpment, at Hill Farm where it will enter a only nedeucerk. The pipeline will be laid across variable geology liable(predicate) to landslide and run instability, therefore Westhill Construction Company requires a legitimate desk deal and the design of an invasive ground investigation revealing constraints that whitethorn be encountered on site.1.1 ObjectivesThe objectives of this investigation areUndertake a desk theatre of available information to include analysis and interpretation of aerial moving-picture show of the study landing field using Anaglyph.To assess potential ground hazards in the siteCarry out a site walk everywhere survey (geomorphologic symbolizeping).Provide preliminary geotechnical information on the ground conditions in the site area.Develop a conceptual site model.Propose a potential pipeline route.1.2 Site Information put off 1.1Report drawing description Site nameCotswold escarpmentSite locationSite is situated at Broadway, Worcestershire, United Kingdom (see Figure 1).Site topographyUneven surfaces with steep slopesGrid referenceSP099372Broadway village lies between 80m and 100m OD on the west fa cing scarp slope at the foot of Cotswold escarpment. The area is extensively used for ground and agriculture (Malcom et al, 2000). The site area is regain on the escarpment slope facing east of Broadway village.Previous studies in site area select extensively delineated areas of slope instability, including relict landslides, which may arrest been initiated under periglacial climatic conditions1.3 Sources of Information used for this studySources of information used in preparation of this report are presented in Table 1.2 be wretched.Table 1.2 Information SourcesInformation sourcesDescriptionSources reference environs Agency dig up Water typify. To identify flood warning areas on siteThe environment Agency, Flood Risk represent. Copy reclaim and Data introduction right 2017.Environment Agency underseal Water Vulnerability typify. To determine vulnerable aquifers on the siteThe Environment Agency, Ground Water Vulnerability Map. secure and Data lowly right 2017.Edina Digimap Base map for geomorphologic partEdina Digimap 2017, Copyright and Database right 2017.Edina DigimapHydrogeology map demonstrate aquifer productivity on the site.Data extracted from Edina Digimap 2017, Copyright and Database right 2017.Edina DigimapOrdinance Survey Map for the site. Showing site location.Edina Digimap 2017, Copyright and Database right 2017.Edina DigimapGeological Survey Map Showing the geology of site.Edina Digimap 2017, Copyright and Data base right 2017.Edina Digimap diachronic Map, showing the foregone history of the siteEdina Digimap 2017, Copyright and Data base right 2017.ILWISLidar maps for terrain evaluation using aerial photographyEnvironmental Agency map, Copyright and Data base right 2017.2.1 GeologyThe bedrock geology of the site area is summarized in Table 2.1. This comprises of a sequence frown Jurassic marine clays, littoral zone and limestone including the Charmouth Mudstone Formation, Dyrham Formation, Marlstone Formation and Whitby Mudstone Fo rmation (Barron et al., 2002). These rocks are everywherelain by limestones of the middle Jurassic inferior Oolite Group, which cap the escarpment above Broadway. The strata are gently dipping although cambering and faulting have produced local variations (Malcom et al, 2000). These formations are under the Lias Group. The Lias Group is characterised by mudstones interlayered with limestones and it is very fossiliferous. The important clay bearing formations are theCharmouth Mudstone and Whitby Mudstone Formations (Ambrose 2001). A geology map of this area is presented in AppendixB.Table 2.1 Geology (afterBaron et al, 2002)Formation Previous terms Description Birdlip Limestone Formation (Inferior Oolite Group) cast heap Inferior OoliteOolitic and sandy ferruginous LIMESTONEBirdport Sand FormationCotswold SandsFine to average grained SANDSTONEWhitby Mudstone FormationUpper Lias ClayComprises of dark grey CLAY with some oolitic LIMESTONEMarlstone brandish FormationMiddle Lias Mar lstone RockComprises of quick brown closely jointed Oolitic and fossiliferous LIMESTONEDyrham FormationMiddle LiasComprises of slightly weak orange brown SANDSTONE and SILTSTONE with subordinate bands of SILT and CLAY.Charmouth Mudstone FormationLower Lias ClayComprises of dark grey CLAY with chance(a) bands of argillaceous limestone. Grades at depth into weak mudstone.2.2 Hydrology and Hydrogeology2.2.1 Hydrology and FloodingThe environment delegation map has rated the attempt of flooding in the site area to be extremely low and there is no form of flooding risk from rivers, streams or springs in this area. This is vividly shown in appendix E.2.2.2 HydrogeologyThe groundwater vulnerability map of environmental agency classified aquifers as study Aquifer HighMajor Aquifer IntermediateMajor Aquifer Low fry Aquifer HighMinor Aquifer IntermediateMinor Aquifer Low.The site area is classified by the environment agency to be of Minor Aquifer High and Minor Aquifer Intermediate. The Aquifer productivity zones are classified asAquifer productivityBirdlip Limestone FormationModerateBridport Sand FormationLow2.3 Aerial photographic InterpretationAnaglyph was used to interpret the aerial photographs and to gather information for this report. The radical features interpreted with the use of the aerial photographs are in accordance with researched literary works from past work on Broadway study area. Interpretation from both aerial photographs and field survey was used in completing the engineering geomorphological base map. Ground features interpreted from the aerial photographs areLandslide form and CamberingSlope changesGround mass movementRidge and furrow2.4 Historical Land UsesExtensive study of the historic Ordnance survey map was conducted to identify any geophysical and geotechnical properties considerations for the proposed pipeline route of site area. Historical map is presented in Appendix C. Maps and other sources of information has shown that Broadway land uses was mainly for outlandish purposes and Quarries. Written documentation has been the primary source of evidence for rationality the farming during the Anglo -Saxon period. Apparently the richest source of information are the Anglo-Saxon charters which insert grants of land and their attached boundary Clauses. The charters and boundary clauses contains evidence of early farming systems (Malcom et al 2000). Ridge and furrow in site shows past Agricultural activities. The quarry in the site area dates back 100-120 years past as interpreted from the historic maps.3.1 Field SurveyIn March, 2017 structural represent was conducted on the site area. The mapping started on the 8th of March and ended on the 10th. map was conducted by a group of programme Geologist led by Dr Andy Gibson, Dr Malcom Whitworthand Dr Steve Penn. The field equipments used for mapping of the area are compass clinometer, mapping boards, ranging poles, measuring tapes, pencils, A3 ordnance survey ma ps, Lidar maps and aerial A3 maps.3.2 Geomorphological Features EncounteredA brief account of the geomorphological features encountered during the three long time mapping are presented in the tables below(Table 3.1 to 3.3).Table 3.1 twenty-four hour period 1 Mapping (8th March, 2017) standCloudyTime of reaching1249pmLocationOff A44 road next to the road leash to Broadway high s maneuvertGeologyMarlstone Rock Formation and DyrhamEncountered Features during mapping1. Old mechanical quarry with three layers of marlite rock formation. Highly weathered limestone with very closely spaced discontinuity, orange in colour and fossiliferous.2. Evidence of recent flow. Flow occurring with focus cracks. border encountered during 3030 geomorphological mapping. Lobate feature was seen on the 3030 mapping area which is 14 to 18m long and 10m wide.Photography of features mapped for both locations is shown in Appendix G.Table 3.2 Day 2 Mapping (9th March, 2017)WeatherSunny and windyTime of Arr ival0915amLocationOff A44 road next toFish HillGeologyWhitby Mudstone FormationEncountered Features during mapping1. Evidence of recentrotational land slide flow occurring. There was presence of tension crack suggesting age to be less than 10 years of age.2. Evidenceof relictlandslide (Old rotational landslide). This is suggested to be 50 to 100 years old.3. dance pouring out large volume of water was found on the middle area of site.Evidence of Marlstone Rock Formation on site area, seen well-nigh tree roots.Photography of features mapped for the locations is shown in Appendix G2.Table 3.3 Day 3 Mapping (9th March, 2017)WeatherCloudy and ColdTime of Arrival09 20amLocationColliers disrupt and Farncombe HouseGeologyMarlstone Rock Formation and DyrhamEncountered Features during mapping1. Relict landslide (Old rotational landslide) were seen around Colliers Knap with presence of spring.2. Bench area at Farncombe phratry which is made of Whitby Mudstone Formation. Tension cracks occu rred in the bench area.Photography of features mapped for both locations is shown in Appendix G3.4.1 Geological Ground ConditionsGeologicalformations of the study area generally conforms to past research literature. This is shown on table 4.1.Table 4.1 Typical description of the geology formations and slope formations seen on the site study area.FormationDescriptionSurface sound structureBirdlip Limestone Formation (Inferior Oolite Group)Comprises mainly OoidLIMESTONE, shell fragmental LIMESTONE and Sandy LIMESTONECambering and multiple rotational landslide.Steep scarp face (250m OD)Bridport Sand FormationComprises of fine to strength grained SANDSTONELandsliding and Cambering features.Whitby Mudstone FormationComprises of dark grey micaceous mudstone with fossils preserved in pinkish ARAGONITE juicy angle slope with remains of relict landslide (old rotational landslide).Marlstone Rock FormationBrown to grey variablyferruginous SANDSTONE containing limonitic OoidsCap rock to mid s lope lithological bench. Mechanical quarry present in a part of the formation.Dyrham FormationComprises grey mudstone, with interbeds of highly micaceous, weakly cemented SILTSTONE or fine grained SANDSTONESteep scarp faces below the lithological bench (marlstone rock formation).Occasionally extensive rotational landslides (seen at Colliers knap).Charmouth Mudstone FormationDominated by dark grey CLAY with occasional bands of argillaceous limestone.Occurs down slope. Enveloped by superficial deposits.4.2 GeomorphologyThe study area is predominant of rotational landslide, mainly of relict and few occurring recent rotational landslide. Othersections of study area comprises of translational slide and mudflows with tension cracks present on site. Spring and hummocky surfaces present on site. Detailed geomorphological features are shown in the base map. Data was gathered from desk study and field mapping of study area. A number of geomorphology and geological features can be seen in the study area. These areRotational landslide- Rotational landslide is predominant in the study area. At colliers knap there is an extensive rotational landslide down a lithologic bench, which is the marlstone rock bench. The geology of the bench area is marlstone rock formation and beneath it (gentle slope) is the dyrham formation. This have a potential to flow when triggered and this pose an area of concern for engineering work.Translational landslide- Translational landslide occurred at the south south part of the study area and also around the bench mark at farncombe estate. These are old relict translational landslide which comprises of active mudflows/slide flow.Tension cracks- Tension cracks are other common features in site area. This feature occurred at the bench mark leading to farncombe house and it is of Whitby mudstone formation. Tension cracks were also seen in other areas of recent landslide in the site. These cracks at the head of landslide suggests strongly that insta bility is imminent. It is not advisable for a pipeline route to pass through this area.Mudflow/ semivowel flow- Mudflow features occurred twice within the colliers knap area. The first flow occurred at round 10m north-east of the abandoned old quarry. Here, a 30 x 30 geomorphologic mappingwas conducted, spring was encountered with a northward flow direction. Whilst the second mudflow occurred on the button before the lithologic bench leading to farncombe house. Mudflow in the site is bound to extend over time. Generally the geomorphological features are vividly shown in the base map.Cambering- This feature occurred at the Broadway tower region which is located at the grey part of site area. There was a separation between two joints leading to downward movement of rock formation in diametral directions thereby forming a gull in the site. This was a restricted area.The plan and cost for intrusive investigation was completed with the use of the bill of quantities (UK condition for ground investigation). batting order of Quantities Percussion boringITEMDESCRIPTIONwholeQUANTITY arrange ()AMOUNT ()BPercussion boring B1 apotheosis/mobilisation of business percussion rig and personnel to site and remotion on completion of worksnrNot required300.00300.00B2Set up, strip and move rig between boreholeseach move470.00280.00B3 compass starter piteach move450.00200.00B4Extra over for breaking out concrete etc. re-excavate starter piteach move290.00180.00B5Boring/advance by light cable percussion rig between ground take aim and 10mPer (m)10m by 4 boreholes20.00800.00B6As item B5 but between 10m to 15mPer (m)5m by 4 boreholes25.00500.00B7As item B6 but between 15m to 20mPer (m)5m by 4 boreholes32.00640.00D foot race pits and trenchesD1Transport machine, driver and qualified geologist to supervise, log pits, take reports and bulk consumePer day3 days1350.004050.00FCone Penetration examenF1Mobilisation of rig per day on-site and reportingPer day3 days2000.006000.00E Pr obingE1ProbingPer day3 days800.002400.00Sub-total15350.00 level of Quantities SamplingITEMDESCRIPTION building blockQUANTITY value ()AMOUNT ()JSamplingJ1Take small ghastly specimens (1kg) with split-barrel tubes from ground level to depth of 10m (at every 2m)Per sample5 per borehole (20)2.0040.00J2Take 100mm placid samples from ground level to 15m (every 3m)Per sample5 per borehole (20)18.00360.00J3Take 45kg bulk disturbed samples not exceeding 10m depth below ground levelPer sample5 per borehole (20)5.00100.00J4Take representative water samplesPer sample5 per borehole (20)5.00100.00Sub-total600.00Bill of Quantities In-situ testingITEMDESCRIPTIONUNITQUANTITY account ()AMOUNT ()HStandard Penetration Test (SPT)H1SPT from Ground level to 15mPer borehole4 boreholes12.5048.00H2Permeability TestH 2.1Permeability-Falling head (Head modified) for up to 4 days4 boreholes58.00232.00H3 pinnacle Load TestH 3.1Point Load4 boreholes65.00260.00H4 lop box TestH 4.1Shear box4 boreholes330.001320. 00Sub-total1860.00Bill of Quantities InstrumentITEMDESCRIPTIONUNITQUANTITYRATE ()AMOUNT ()IStandpipeI1Install standpipe 50mm diameterPer mebibyte10m per borehole (40)15.00600.00I2Protective cover re above and re-instatementPer each standpipe4100.00400.00Sub-total1000.00Bill of Quantities Laboratory testing ITEMDESCRIPTIONUNITQUANTITYRATE ()AMOUNT ()KClassification TestsK1Determination of Moisture ContentNr44.0016K2Determination of Liquid Plastic Limits and Plasticity IndexNr427.50110K3Bulk/Dry DensityNr415.0060K4 instalment size of it Distribution Sand and GravelNr426.50106K5Particle Size Distribution -Fine Grained SoilsNr430.00120K6Soil Chemical TestK 6.1Organic contentNr420.0080K 6.2Soluble sulphate content (Soil- 21)Nr416.0064K 6.3Soluble sulfate content (Water)Nr416.0064K 6.4pH value (Soil)